Changes in blood gas transport of altitude native soccer players near sea-level and sea-level native soccer players at altitude (ISA3600)
Fecha
2013-09-03Autor
Wachsmuth, Nadine
Kley, Marlen
Spielvogel, Hilde
Aughey, Robert J
Gore, Christopher J
Bourdon, Pitre C
Hammond, Kristal
Sargent, Charli
Roach, Gregory D
Soria Sánchez, Rudy
Jiménez Claros, Jesús C
Schmidt, Walter F
Garvican-Lewis, Laura A
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Abstract.
Objectives The optimal strategy for soccer teams
playing at altitude is not known, that is, ‘fly-in, fly-out’
versus short-term acclimatisation. Here, we document
changes in blood gas and vascular volumes of sea-level
(Australian, n=20) and altitude (Bolivian, n=19) native
soccer players at 3600 m.
Methods Haemoglobin-oxygen saturation (Hb-sO2),
arterial oxygen content (CaO2), haemoglobin mass
(Hbmass), blood volume (BV) and blood gas
concentrations were measured before descent (Bolivians
only), together with aerobic fitness (via Yo-YoIR1), near
sea-level, after ascent and during 13 days at 3600 m.
Results At baseline, haemoglobin concentration [Hb]
and Hbmass were higher in Bolivians (mean±SD; 18.2
±1.0 g/dL, 12.8±0.8 g/kg) than Australians (15.0±0.9 g/
dL, 11.6±0.7 g/kg; both p≤0.001). Near sea-level, [Hb]
of Bolivians decreased to 16.6±0.9 g/dL, but normalised
upon return to 3600 m; Hbmass was constant regardless
of altitude. In Australians, [Hb] increased after 12 days at
3600 m to 17.3±1.0 g/dL; Hbmass increased by 3.0
±2.7% (p≤0.01). BV decreased in both teams at altitude
by ∼400 mL. Arterial partial pressure for oxygen (PaO2),
Hb-sO2 and CaO2 of both teams decreased within 2 h of
arrival at 3600 m (p≤0.001) but increased over the
following days, with CaO2 overcompensated in
Australians (+1.7±1.2 mL/100 mL; p≤0.001). Yo-YoIR1
was lower on the 3rd versus 10th day at altitude and was
significantly related to CaO2.
Conclusions The marked drop in PaO2 and CaO2
observed after ascent does not support the ‘fly-in, fly-out’
approach for soccer teams to play immediately after
arrival at altitude. Although short-term acclimatisation
was sufficient for Australians to stabilise their CaO2
(mostly due to loss of plasma volume), 12 days appears
insufficient to reach chronic levels of adaption.